15 March 2015

Mutually Assured Destruction

There is no whining in baseball. Well, that's a paraphrase. Situationally, there is not much that financial quants can tell you worth knowing.

Yet, another story.
Look more closely at those gaudy returns, however, and you may see something startling. The truth is that very few professional investors have actually managed to outperform the rising market consistently over those years.

It's not a complete condemnation, though,
The data in the study didn't prove that the mutual fund managers lacked talent or that you couldn't beat the market. But, as Keith Loggie, the senior director of global research and design at S.&P. Dow Jones Indices, said in an interview last week, the evidence certainly didn't bolster the case for investing with active fund managers.

All those thick books on financial engineering and academic papers? There are better ways to exercise your quant muscles.

13 March 2015

New Gold - Part The First

As has been discussed in these various endeavors over the last couple of years, the US Buck is the globe's New Gold. There just isn't enough of the yellow stuff to go around. And what with Apple figuring out how to make 18k with less than 75% Au, one wonders how the gold bugs are sleeping at night? As always with Apple, and its cabal of knuckleheads with more money than brains, "cheap goods sold dear". Apple is a marketing machine, pure and simple.

Once again, we see an object lesson in the conflict twixt the macro-quant and the micro-quant. What's good for Apple isn't necessarily good for the USofA. Or anyone else, for that matter.

Which brings us to today's Krugman installment. He isn't as forthright as I've been on the subject of New vs. Old Gold, but today's musing gets closer to the bone. The bone being: in order for the globe's commerce to move forward, and avoid that deflationary trap, the value of US Bucks has to keep expanding out in Those Other Countries.
We've been warned over and over that the Federal Reserve, in its effort to improve the economy, is "debasing" the dollar. The archaic word itself tells you a lot about where the people issuing such warnings are coming from. It's an allusion to the ancient practice of replacing pure gold or silver coins with "debased" coins in which the precious-metal content was adulterated with cheaper stuff. Message to the gold bugs and Ayn Rand disciples who dominate the Republican Party: That's not how modern money works. Still, the Fed's critics keep insisting that easy-money policies will lead to a plunging dollar.

Well, as already pointed out, Timmy has no problem debasing Old Gold if it makes him a couple of extra bucks.

And, in order to keep good order in international commerce, this means the US has to run trade deficits each and every year.
Who wins from this market move? Europe: a weaker euro makes European industry more competitive against rivals, boosting both exports and firms that compete with imports, and the effect is to mitigate the euroslump.

Well, German luxury goods exporters, in particular. The 1% get a break on the next Mercedes or Audi. How thoughtful.

Readers may have noticed that the financial services industry, insurance and brokerage in particular, have gone on an advert blitz in the last couple of years. Scaring the non-wealthy into thinking like the truly wealthy; toss more moolah to the financial services mega-corps and quit buying stuff. Two problems with that are immediate:
1) the tsunami of moolah that moved into US (and Spain and ...) real estate due to no demand from industry is still out there looking for above average returns with below average risk; add in Ma and Pa Kettle's nest egg, and one gets yet lower interest return -- that ol' supply and demand canard.
2) the current US and global malaise is directly the result of over supply of (or, slack demand for) consumer goods due to slack growth, if at all, in median income

In the end, real return is a measure of real improvement in production. We know, right wingnuts excepted, that production gains over the last few decades have flowed to the 1%, rather than the rest of us. When you've got more moolah than you can spend, getting more won't appear in real demand. Surprise: it hasn't. D'oh!

As described before, paying interest for the use of moolah without better productivity from the "investment" is just forgone consumption. There won't be any real return generated. This is the primary reason for the Great Recession: paying the vig on house mortgages comes out of the incomes of the "owners" of said houses. And, increasing incomes of those holders aren't generated by the houses, of course. And those incomes weren't, and aren't, increasing. Eventually, 2 + 2 = 4 couldn't be denied.

The new "Housing Bubble"? Sub-prime used car loans.

09 March 2015

Another Quandry

Hot off the presses:
Germany's trade surplus narrowed to EUR19.70 billion from EUR21.60 billion (expected surplus of EUR21.00 billion) as exports fell 2.1% month-over-month (consensus -1.5%; prior 2.8%) and imports declined 0.3% (expected 0.5%; last -0.7%)

The problem with killing your customers is that you end up killing yourself. The Great Quandry twixt the macro-quant and the micro-quant.

06 March 2015

Dee Feat is in Dee Flation, Part 29

It's been quite a while since the last episode, but this one is too good to pass up. A link in Yahoo! Finance, of all places has this graph, and the link to one of the intermediate (it's a Holmesian trail to follow) citers.

This is the original, original. You may need to click it to see it all.

Source: Thomson Reuters, AMP Capital (via: here)

It's worth pointing out, for those that just look at the picture here, that the terminal link given here (not the link in the Yahoo! Finance piece) is a longer essay on the current state of the Defeat of Deflation. By an Aussie, no less. Not much of a Tea Bagger axe to grind, although this and the last few governments there have been to the right of center.
As can be seen in the next chart low inflation is generally good for shares as it allows shares to trade on higher price to earnings multiples.

Finally, a highly paid pundit, albeit on the other side of the globe, gets it. Damn, but these guys are thick headed. But he, too alas, doesn't get to the heart of the matter: the CxOs of the world can't find a way to absorb all that moolah chasing yield. No real investment, no real returns, lots of bidding for "risk free" seats on the Titanic.

04 March 2015

Me First, Me First

For, basically, forever the US had a first-to-invent patent rule; some claim that the Constitution makes that explicit. That meant, if one kept true records, then your discovery/invention had precedence over filers in front of you. The result of this was that, sometimes, a Big Corp would apply for, and even get, a patent on a Special Widget only to discover that Some Scienceguy had earlier made such a Special Widget. Discovery was primary, not filing. Eventually, Big Corps got tired of being left out, so lobbied Congress to change the law, asserting that the EU did it right (how often does that happen? Socialist scum that they are?) with a first-to-file law.

Some studies have shown what one might expect from such a change in incentive: Big Corps have a leg up on the patent process and patent grants flow to Big Corps since the change. Another anomaly may have emerged in the last few days. A biopharma, Orexigen, has one of three newish weight loss drugs, named Contrave, (the other two companies are Arena and Vivus) on the market. The three companies have been in competition to get FDA approval (which they all managed) and now sales.

The Arena drug was new, while Orexigen and Vivus built new recipes using existing compounds. For reasons not entirely clear, only Orexigen was required to conduct pre-approval heart studies. A post-approval study has been in process for some time. In the course of such studies the sponsors are supposed to be blinded to ongoing results, although interim analyses can be defined to the study. Such analyses are supposed to be done by third-party monitoring boards; only the recommendation is supposed to be communicated to the sponsor. Generally, the recommendation is just: stop for futility, continue, or stop for superior effect. Both futility and superior effect numbers will be specified in the trial design.

Orexigen got the details of the analysis, and promptly applied for a patent. It seems that, with ¼ of the patients tested, not only did the drug not cause heart issues, but lowered incidence of heart issues. Now, keep in mind that FDA ordered the study because one of the components is known to have some issues. Mixed with another component, viola, lowered heart issues.

Here's the problem: by unblinding the data, the conduct of the trial is blown up. To smithereens. While I've not seen it admitted yet, the need to file-first is likely the motivation. The individual compounds in the drug are public, so any bench chemist could make it and claim the heart benefits. Orexigen might well be able to fight such an application based on its pre-existing IP on the drug, but it would be a hassle, to say the least. So, blow the study to protect what might be enormous profits. "Contrave: lose those ugly pounds and save your ticker at the same time!!" Or such. Orexigen can't make that claim in promoting Contrave until FDA says it's a really proven fact, still having a patent claim first can't hurt.

What cynics call unintended consequences.

Crow's Nest Soup

For some time now, the SSD/flash reviewer on AnandTech and I have had a bit of feud. Nothing serious, but amounting to:
Young: "Real enterprise flash storage is done by small companies you ain't never heard of implementing bespoke devices."
Vatto: "Enterprise flash storage just buy commodity SSD from Intel and such and box them up."
Young: "You really ought to spend some time reading up storagesearch.com."

And so it went. Until today. SanDisk announced its Fusion-io based array. SanDisk bought FIO last summer. Didn't take too long to get in the saddle.

Vatto had some conciliatory words, I'm not mentioned, of course.
The storage array market is certainly changing and the companies that used to rule the space are starting to lose market share to smaller, yet innovative companies.

Always was that way.
It's not a surprise that the InfiniFlash is the densest all-flash array on the planet because as a NAND manufacturer SanDisk has the supply and engineering talent to put 8TB behind a single controller with a very space efficient design.

Well, that's a guess unless and until one opens up the latest from IBM FlashSystem, nee Texas Memory, or EMC (XtremIO) and so on. Enterprise hard drive has moved from the 3390 and such to racks of "commodity" HDD; they aren't really, they just look like PC drives. WD has STEC and Skyera. Wonder what's baking in that oven?

01 March 2015

It's Lonely At the Top

While this endeavor set out, initially, with the single purpose of eviscerating all the anti-RM heathen in sight, over time the knucklehead finance quants have provided more opportunity. They're just dumber and more active, on the whole.

So, here we go again. In essays past, I've made the point that being the globe's reserve currency, aka New Gold, has certain consequences. One of those is the need to run trade deficits with the rest of the globe in order keep a growing supply of moolah available. Without such, the global economy slips into deflation, as was the case through the end of the 19th century when all worshiped Old Gold. Part and parcel of this monetary regime has been the surge in the USofA's reliance on banksters for employment and GDP. Neither aspect of being the New Gold is necessarily beneficial to the USofA or the rest of the globe. Two more pieces today on point.

First, Gretchen Morgenson reports on research into banksters swallowing the economy. It is not a Good Thing, of course.
According to a compelling new paper published two weeks ago by the Bank for International Settlements, high-growth financial sectors actually hurt the broader economy by dragging down overall growth and curbing productivity.

As screamed from these pages: you can either make things, or suck off the teats of those that do. Banksters are suckers. Morgenson doesn't quite close the loop of logic by asserting that bankster salaries and profits necessarily come out of cash flows in the real economy. But close.
The paper is titled "Why Does Financial Sector Growth Crowd Out Real Economic Growth?" and it builds on past research that found that overall productivity gains were dragged down in economies with rapidly growing financial industries.

Recall, even recently, the observation that using quant methods in human activities is fraught with peril, since, unlike with nature and God's laws, some humans get to change the rules to suit themselves at the expense of others?
Also questioning the dominance of finance in our society is Luigi Zingales, professor of entrepreneurship and finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. In his 2012 book, "A Capitalism for the People," he wrote that the financial sector, "thanks to its resources and cleverness, has increasingly been able to rig the rules to its own advantage."

And that from a Freshwater university, where the rightwing reigns supreme!

Morgenson ends with:
Ideally, finance should propel an economy by helping create jobs and wealth for a broad portion of the population. But clearly, there's a point when finance sucks too much oxygen out of the room, leaving the rest of us gasping for air.

Bigger, in finance, it seems, is not better.

Next up, the rightwing's favorite whipping boy, The Fed.

America's New Gold is run by the Federal Reserve (sort of, but that's a longer story), and Adam Davidson tells the backstory. He starts with the San Francisco earthquake that motivated the creation of the Fed. Lots of gold physically moving all over the place. One point that is too often never mentioned, but Davidson does, is the nature of 19th USofA economy:
There were [bank] runs, and dozens of financial institutions failed in what was the country's worst financial panic to that point -- which is saying quite a bit, because the country had weathered major financial crises every generation since its founding.

Social Darwinism is really the nature of American Exceptionalism, historically. Not something to be proud of, in fact. But all those Montana militia guys think it's still them and their squirrel guns. Sigh.

So, what happens when a country's currency is the globe's reserve currency? Among other things, it becomes the safe refuge if there's an economic hiccup anywhere. The resulting tsunami of currencies into The Buck causes its value to rise. And then what happens?
The modern dollar was born because Americans wanted control over their own economic destiny. But now the rest of the world is at our whims.

And when that "whim" is self-preservation of the USofA, the externalities, the econ set calls it, can bite the innocent.
In 2011 and 2012, with its "quantitative easing" program, the Fed created tens of billions of new dollars each month. Enough of those dollars flowed to Turkey that the economy there grew by around 9 percent for two years. "That's China levels," [Inan Demir, chief economist of Turkey's Finansbank] pointed out. In 2013, when Ben Bernanke, then the Fed chairman, announced that the Fed would stop making all those new dollars, the Turkish stock market fell by a third and hundreds of thousands of Turks lost their jobs. The story is similar in South Africa, Hungary, Indonesia, Brazil, Lebanon and many other emerging markets, where economic policy makers and corporate executives anxiously await Yellen's every word.

Much the same thing happened in the race to the Great Recession in Spain, where Germans in particular, shifted large amounts of moolah into seaside residential real estate. Then, they didn't. Oops.

These days Yellen and the Fed, it seems, are out to force the string to straighten up and do its duty to the economy. The idea behind QE was always to incentivize the Job Creators to make real investment and Creat Jobs by lowering the cost of capital to the point where just sitting on it made the opportunity cost so horrible that not Creating Jobs wasn't sensible any more. Still hasn't happened, on the whole. Corporations, and the .1%, are sitting on trillions of dollars, hoping for a depression and the resulting deflation. If some Palin is in the White House, they'll get to keep their winnings; Palin-lite won't re-set The Buck to diminish the windfall. We'll be the New Ireland. I can't wait. The force is inflation. Sitting on moolah when there's no inflation in the economy (even, some months, outright deflation) waiting for The Big One to drop in your lap follows the incentive. On the other hand, if there is material level of inflation, the incentive is to use the moolah in real physical investment to earn something. So far, the Masters of the World have not been able to find such investments. The crux of the matter is: have the MoW been obstinate, or have we reached the point in our understanding of the Newtonian world that new and better stuff just isn't out there? Did all that moolah go to real estate not because the MoW were infinitely risk averse, but because they just couldn't find anything better to do with the moolah? For once, having the MoW quaking in their boots is actually the better reason.

Davidson ends up with some musing on finance, Newton, Heisenberg, and the Great Recession. Then he spoils it all,
The financial crisis came about because people believed they were in a world of risk -- where the chance of default on mortgages and more complex derivatives can be plotted with great precision -- when instead there was deep uncertainty afoot.

Wrong, wrong, wrong. They could be plotted, and were, by those not beholden on the scam. All one had to do was look at the median house price to median income ratio to see that deceit was afoot; the end game wasn't the least bit uncertain, but foreordained. But both the perps and the business press chose to be blind. The former because they were raking in the moolah, and the latter because they wanted continued access to the perps for stories.