The largest solar array in space serves the International Space Station. It generates ~215 kilowatts.
Here's the power needed for a contemporary data center:
A single AI server rack requires 50-150 kilowatts compared to 10-15 kilowatts for conventional computing, driven primarily by dense GPU clusters that operate continuously at maximum capacity.And, remember: that's per rack!! Cookie monster. One rack eats most (more recent estimates bump that power demand higher) of the largest orbiting array power in existence.
Now, what's the average data center count of racks? According to Google, it depends
1 MW About 1,000 - 2,000 rack serversBack of the envelope? 1 MW is 4 times what the ISS has, and that's not continuous power, since Mother Earth gets in the way for a significant slice of the orbit. So, LEO or geosync? The latter allows for continuous contact with Mr Sun, likely never to be feasible not to mention cost effective. LEO can be gotten to, but building such big structures there? Not my kettle of fish.
10 MW About 10,000 - 20,000 rack servers
50+ MW Up to 100,000+ rack servers
Doesn't sound all that practical. By no means obvious. Well... if you want to depreciate, at Uncle Sugar's expense, all those 'reusable' rockets it might be!!!
Just found this piece on the feasibility of space-based solar power. Now, the author's point of view is harvesting wee little electrons from space-based solar panels and sending, sort of, them back to ground stations to be enjected into the grid. So, some of his math relates to transmission losses and the like. For such electric generation to be used for The Musk Ox's Pipe Dream, those costs don't matter. Otherwise, setting up the facility would cost the same. In the end, it's a wash. It certainly costs more to put panels in geosync orbit than in the Arizona desert. And, not for nuthin, The Musk Ox hasn't made the case for why space-based AI data centers are better than earth-bound ones. If nothing else, at ~22,000 miles up, all of the nasties from Out There don't get filtered by our atmosphere and not so much of the magnetosphere; you won't lose all of it, as it goes out to ~40,000 miles.
As to the sun coverage, the paper doesn't get to 100% 24/7, but sorta close:
In sum, we can expect shading about 0.7% of the time. Not too bad.
